WWII The White Rose Society

The White Rose was a non-violent resistance group based in Munich during World War II. Comprised largely of University of Munich students, the White Rose published and distributed several pamphlets speaking out against Third Reich. The group was destroyed in 1943 when many of its key members were caught and executed. Origins of the White Rose One of the most noteworthy resistance groups operating within Nazi Germany, the White Rose was initially led by Hans Scholl. A student at the University of Munich, Scholl had previously been a member of the Hitler Youth but left in 1937, after being influenced by the ideals of the German Youth Movement. A medical student, Scholl became increasing interested in the arts and inwardly began to question the Nazi regime. This was reinforced in 1941 after Scholl attended a sermon by Bishop August von Galen with his sister Sophie. An outspoken opponent of Hitler, von Galen railed against the Nazis euthanasia policies. Moving to Action Horrified, Scholl, along with his friends Alex Schmorell and George Wittenstein were moved to action and began planning a pamphlet campaign. Carefully growing their organization by adding like-minded students, the group took the name The White Rose in reference to B. Travens novel about peasant exploitation in Mexico. Through the early summer of 1942, Schmorell and Scholl wrote four leaflets which called for both passive and active opposition to the Nazi government. Copied on a typewriter, approximately 100 copies were made and distributed around Germany. As the Gestapo maintained a strict system of surveillance, distribution was limited to leaving copies in public phonebooks, mailing them to professors and students, as well as sending them by secret courier to other schools. Typically, these couriers were female students who were able to travel more freely around the country than their male counterparts. Quoting heavily from religious and philosophical sources, the leaflets attempted to appeal to the German intelligentsia who the White Rose believed would support their cause. As this initial wave of pamphlets was unleashed, Sophie, now a student at the university, learned of her brothers activities. Against his wishes, she joined the group as an active participant. Shortly after Sophies arrival, Christoph Probst was added to the group. Remaining in the background, Probst was unusual in that he was married and the father of three children. In the summer of 1942, several members of the group, including Scholl, Wittenstein, and Schmorell were sent to Russia to work as physicians assistants at German field hospitals. While there, they befriended another medical student, Willi Graf, who became a member of the White Rose upon their return to Munich that November. During their time in Poland and Russia, the group was horrified to witness the German treatment of Polish Jews and Russian peasants. Resuming their underground activities, the White Rose was soon aided by Professor Kurt Huber. A teacher of philosophy, Huber advised Scholl and Schmorell and aided in editing text for leaflets. Having obtained a duplicating machine, the White Rose issued its fifth leaflet in January 1943 and ultimately printed between 6,000-9,000 copies. Following the fall of Stalingrad in February 1943, the Scholls and Schmorell asked Huber to compose a leaflet for the group. While Huber wrote, members of the White Rose launched a risky graffiti campaign around Munich. Carried out on the nights of February 4, 8, and 15, the groups campaign struck twenty-nine sites in the city. His writing completed, Huber passed his leaflet to Scholl and Schmorell, who edited it slightly before mailing it out between February 16 and 18. The groups sixth leaflet, Hubers, proved to be its last. Capture and Trial On February 18, 1943, Hans and Sophie Scholl arrived on campus with a large suitcase full of leaflets. Hurriedly moving through the building, they left stacks outside of full lecture halls. Having completed this task, they realized that a large number remained in the suitcase. Entering the upper level of the Universitys atrium, they tossed the remaining leaflets in the air and let them float down to the floor below. This reckless action was seen by custodian Jakob Schmid who promptly reported the Scholls to the police. Quickly arrested, the Scholls were among eighty people seized by the police over the next few days. When he was captured, Hans Scholl had with him a draft of another leaflet which had been written by Christoph Probst. This led to Probsts immediate capture. Moving swiftly, Nazi officials convened the Volksgerichtshof (Peoples Court) to try the three dissidents. On February 22, the Scholls and Probst were found guilty of political offenses by the notorious Judge Roland Freisler. Sentenced to death by beheading, they were taken to the guillotine that afternoon. The deaths of Probst and the Scholls were followed on April 13 by the trial of Graf, Schmorell, Huber, and eleven others associated with the organization. Schmorell had nearly escaped to Switzerland but had been forced to turn back due to heavy snow. Like those before them, Huber, Schmorell, and Graf were sentenced to death, however, the executions were not carried out until July 13 (Huber Schmorell) and October 12 (Graf). All but one of the others received jail terms of six months to ten years. A third trial for White Rose members Wilhelm Geyer, Harald Dohrn, Josef Soehngen, and Manfred Eickemeyer began on July 13, 1943. Ultimately, all but Soehngen (6 months in jail) were acquitted due to a lack of evidence. This was largely due to Gisela Schertling, a White Rose member who had turned states evidence, recanting her previous statements about their involvement. Wittenstein managed to escape by transferring to the Eastern Front, where the Gestapo did not have jurisdiction. Heroes of the New Germany Despite the capture and execution of the groups leaders, the White Rose had the last say against Nazi Germany. The organizations final leaflet was successfully smuggled out of Germany and received by the Allies. Printed in large numbers, millions of copies were air-dropped over Germany by Allied bombers. With the wars end in 1945, the members of the White Rose were made heroes of the new Germany and the group came to represent the peoples resistance to tyranny. Since that time, several movies and plays have portrayed the groups activities. Sources â€Å"Holocaust Resistance.†Ã‚  Suleyman, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-white-rose-a-lesson-in-dissent.Gill, ANTON. â€Å"Protest of the Youth.†Ã‚  Literature of the Holocaust, www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/gill-white-rose.html.Wittenstein, George J. â€Å"Memories of the White Rose .†Ã‚  The History Place - World War II in Europe Timeline, www.historyplace.com/pointsofview/white-rose1.htm.

Bronfenbrenner s Ecological Systems, Nature And Nurture...

Development psychology has many ideas of how humans are influence during their development. The ones that this paper will be covering are the Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems, nature and nurture influences and cultural influences. I have also given my own personal influence to further demonstrate my understanding of each idea. The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems is a model created by psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner that refers to five structures of which an individual interacts with that impacts their development. The structures are referred to as systems in the model and there are five systems: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, Chronosystem. The Microsystem refers to the environment that has a direct influence on an individual; school, home, place of worship, teachers, and peers are included in the Microsystem. A personal example is that my mother, an extremely prominent figure in any person’s Microsystem, noticed that I had a rather good potential for working on creative stories. As a direct influence on me, she gave me praise on the stories that I showed her and gave me encouragement to continue working on my writing. Therefore, she directly influenced my psychological development since her praise heightened my self-esteem and allowed me to have a good self-image of myself thanks to the environment I was raised in. The Mesosystem refers to the interactions that occur between the systems, such as how one’s school life interacts with one’s home life.Show MoreRelatedCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. 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I will analyse my own life story in relation to theories of lifespan development participating my understanding of the domains of development and the age old argument of nature versus nurture concerning the Biological and Environmental influences on one s development and whether they may or may not have influenced my development duringRead MoreThe Effects Of High School Bullying On American Youths1808 Words   |  8 PagesYouths This report aims to introduce and discuss the history of high school bullying in American youths, identifying and explain its origins and causes, and provide recommendations on how to prevent this issue and optimise development. The Bronfenbrenner s Bioecological Model will be employed to highlight the interaction between American bullied youths and their environmental contexts. Part A: Introduction and Background Bullying is not a new problem, it is the most frequent type of victimization

Generalization Comparative Advantage Theory -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Generalization Comparative Advantage Theory? Answer: Introduction Worldwide cooperation began in the First and Second Framework Programmed as development aid. Currently, it is turning into a more extensive movement, with a major part in the coordination of nations. Global participation is the relationship of associations or gatherings of people speaking to different countries in the quest for a shared objective or intrigue. National development is a procedure of reconstructing ion and advancement in different measurements of a country. This essay argues that the international operation does not threaten the national development this is because of the following: the international cooperation aims to explicitly support the national development priorities. Firstly, world cooperation is necessary for the contribution in disease control and prevention. Secondly, relations between nations will help to improve the financial status of the country. The universal public health surveillance is significant for the prevention and identification of disease that is emerging and keep on re-emerging, the noncommunicable and infectious disease which accounts for the largest disease burden. The public health surveillance has the obligation to provide the health information in a timely manner in order for countries to develop a plan for curbing and preventing the disease now and in the future.[1]There are several public health issues which have effectively addressed by the maintenance and the development systems. It is evident that the world is covered by an integrated system that is effective specimen channeling and to genotyping in a period of days. The public health surveillance has many benefits to the development of a nation. Surveillance identifies the early health emergencies, therefore, acting as a system for early warning. Surveillance serves the purpose of documenting the impact of an intervention towards goals of the public hea lth that are specified. Surveillance is required so that it can monitor and understand the condition epidemiology to set public guide policy and the health strategies. Global public health surveillance is very significant to the vaccine of the preventable diseases. Surveillance is a significant part and an integral immunization program component. Data is collected in many countries, analyzed and on the vaccine-preventable disease, a feedback is given to the program so as to help in the guide activities. The health surveillance is majorly important in monitoring the progress of various programs that are goal oriented. Such as measles elimination and control, polio eradication and maternal. The health surveillance set up in a country can be used as a backbone to the related surveillance immunization for other diseases. The surveillance networks established to provide support to the specific disease site surveillance.[2] There is an importance on the laboratory confirmation for a vaccine-preventable disease which includes polio. For such disease, a laboratory network that is global has been set up, taking advantage of particular capacities of the netw ork laboratories. The worldwide public health surveillance plays a significant role in the mobilization and targeting of the sufficient resources towards the goals impartation of health, this is majorly true in the low setting resources. It is evident that the international operation does not threaten the national development. This is because, with the implementation of the health surveillance in a country, medical practitioner gets training for the clinical, informatics and the public health officers get the practice of using various techniques. The advantage of using the system is that it helps the country on detecting disease and planning on how to curb the disease and various measures are placed in place. Relations between nations will help to improve the financial status of the country. No country is self-sufficient in its economy. Each country involves itself in different levels of the trade so as to sell what it produces, in order for it to get what it lacks, and also have more efficient production in other economic sectors. International trade is the exchange of the goods and products across the national jurisdiction. Trade promotes the financial status of a country through the provision of various goods majorly at a cheaper cost, notably due to economies of scale. A country can produce efficiently in one economic sector using less resource than any other country. A country, therefore, has an absolute advantage. The international operation in the economic sector can be improved through when the nation's trade places its focus on its absolute advantage while importing what the nation lacks and exporting what it has a surplus of.[3]Although many countries have a negative notion of the absolute advantage, that it will gain very little from engaging itself in the activity. The absolute advantage tends to be an enduring characteristic majorly for the resource. Although a country can have an absolute advantage over a variety of economic sectors, the country can focus on the comparative advantages sectors that are ranked the highest. The nation can place its emphasis on the sector that it has a higher comparative advantage as opposed to those that it has a less comparative advantage. The comparative productivity increases the total production level th erefore if a nation has no absolute advantage, it can place its focus on the sectors where the productivity total gains are the most significant. The comparative advantage can cause the temporary characteristic in the change of the labor cost evolution. The financial stability of a country is both a national and multinational concern. [4] The international operation helps a nation in stabilizing its financial sector through trade. Instability can increase the uncertainty and discourage investment and the economic growth. The international operation has improved the national development, this can be measured through the living conditions and economic development of a country. The international operation has impacted positively on the public health of a country and the financial sector of the country. The strongest gains have been made by the developing countries and the advanced countries. The low-income countries have not fully integrated the international operation, this is because of the factors that are beyond their control. The international operation should progress through the strengthening of the international financial system, through trade. References Maes E, Diop O, Jorba J, Chavan S, Tangermann R, Wassilak S. Surveillance Systems to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, 2015-2016. MMWR: Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report [serial on the Internet]. (2017, Apr 7), [cited January 20, 2018]; 66(13): 359-365. Available from: Academic Search Complete Wolicki S, Nuzzo J, Blazes D, Pitts D, Iskander J, Tappero J. Public Health Surveillance: At the Core of the Global Health Security Agenda. Health Security. (2016, May), [cited January 20, 2018]; 14(3): 185-188. Available from: MEDLINE with Full Text. Leszek J. The Generalization of the Comparative Advantage Theory. Journal Of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Vol 4, Iss 3-4, Pp 21-33 (2017). (2017), [cited January 20, 2018]; (3-4): 21. Available from: Directory of Open Access Journals Seretis S, Tsaliki P. Absolute Advantage and International Trade. Review Of Radical Political Economics. (2016, Fall2016), [cited January 20, 2018]; 48(3): 438-451. Available from: Academic Search Complete Ion S, Gabriel C. Romanian Business Environment in the Context of Economic Competitiveness Based on Knowledge. Risk In Contemporary Economy, Vol 1, Pp 225-236 (2012). (2012), [cited January 20, 2018]; 225. Available from: Directory of Open Access Journals

Marketing Strategy and Organizational Effectiveness in Samsung

Samsung is one of the largest electronics companies in the world. The firm’s brand is recognized in many parts of the world and this has strengthened the value of its products in various global markets. In the mid 1990’s, several management initiatives helped the firm to improve the value of its products in the market. The firm’s management positioned it as a global brand which helped the firm to build a strong corporate image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy and Organizational Effectiveness in Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During that period, the firm had more than 10 popular products in the market which had strong customer loyalty in different markets. The firm’s rise as a global brand was made easy after it had withstood the Asian financial crisis of 1997. It managed to turn around its operations which helped it register positive results in less than fi ve years (Khanna, Song and Lee 142). This paper will discuss how Samsung can improve its performance in the market. Samsung needs to come up with more competitive strategies to help it deal with the changing market environment. The technology industry is experiencing a lot of changes, which require Samsung to develop new strategies to maintain its competitive edge in the market. Samsung has managed to become one of the largest mobile device manufacturers in the world, surpassing Nokia and other firms. This is because of its focus on high –end smart phones which have superior technological functions compared to substitute models manufactured by its competitors. The firm needs to look at ways of extending its influence into other markets. This is because U.S. and European markets have been projected to experience a slump in consumption patterns in the near future (Khanna, Song and Lee 142). The firm needs to formulate new ways of increasing the value of its products in the mark et to overcome high competition from low priced substitutes. The firm lacks a strong recognized brand which can be compared to Sony’s Walkman or Microsoft’s Windows. The firm’s recent focus on smart phones and L.E.D. television sets has made it stand out as a learning organization, which is ready to take a leading position in the technology industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The firm needs to develop a long term value proposition in the market by developing an easily recognizable brand to help it strengthen its market position. Samsung needs to capitalize on emotions of its global customers by giving them a signature product which is capable of making them appreciate other products, manufactured by the firm (Khanna, Song and Lee 143). A strong and easy to recognize brand will have a positive effect on other products which are manufactured by the f irm. This will increase the value attached to them by consumers thereby making them more competitive in the market. Some products which are released by the firm into the market have achieved a mature life cycle within a very short time. This puts more pressure on the firm to release newer versions of similar products into the market. It is necessary for the firm to put in place measures that can help it take advantage of opportunities in lower segments of the market; since the upper income market segments will continue to experience slow growth in revenues. It is projected that the middle and low segments will continue to expand and this will open up potential opportunities for profitability in the firm. The firm needs to reinvent itself to capture lucrative global markets to help it experience more success in its operations (Khanna, Song and Lee 145). It also needs to embrace cross cultural management strategies to help it maintain a competitive edge in different global markets. Sa msung has a diversified business portfolio and this has made it easy for the firm’s management to implement several innovative practices in its operations. It managed to compete favorably against Japanese companies by shifting away from analog to digital technologies in the late 1990’s. Therefore, the firm needs to maintain its strength in manufacturing by building strategic alliances with other global firms, to help it strengthen its value proposition in the market. These strategic alliances will be crucial in helping the firm improve the quality of relationships it has with its customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy and Organizational Effectiveness in Samsung specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Samsung needs to take note of the business environment it operates in. Samsung needs to ensure that its operations satisfy different market needs which are served by its wide product ra nge (Khanna, Song and Lee 146).This will help the firm to understand different consumer segments and their needs. The firm’s processes are highly innovative and this has helped the firm to introduce revolutionary concepts into the market. The firm has a good product mix and it needs to extend the market’s attention to other high quality products which it manufactures. A lot of interest in the firm’s products in the market is focused on its mobile devices and L.E.D television products. The firm produces high quality washing machines, refrigerators, microwaves and other household products, which have the ability to bring in more revenues if they are marketed well. The firm needs to increase its market share in household appliances because these products have a longer life cycle in the market compared to mobile devices and L.E.D TV’s. The market for home appliances is not as competitive as other market segments which the firm operates in (Khanna, Song and Le e 147). It needs to market these products in selected markets more aggressively to improve its performance in the market. Samsung can use various management models to improve its performance in the market. The firm needs to adopt Management By Objectives model to improve its internal and external business processes. The MBO model will help Samsung’s management to focus on goals which are easy to achieve to help the firm improve its financial results. The firm’s management needs to track issues that have an impact on its survival in the market, to come up with radical proposals which address them. The MBO approach gives the firm a chance to formulate strategic plans and performance indicators, which help to monitor its operations in the market (Bradley 81). The MBO model will enable the firm’s management to analyze results of various product categories it sells in the market, to assess their value to its operations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The firm also needs to carry out a value proposition analysis for its target markets and consumer segments. This will help the firm’s management to analyze what motivates specific consumers to purchase its products and the value they get from using these products. The firm needs to come up with new production systems to help it achieve long term organizational goals (Bradley 79). The value proposition analysis should take note of resources, which the firm has set aside to help it achieve its long term goals. Works Cited Bradley, Nigel. Marketing Research: Tools and Techniques. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Khanna, Tarun, Jaeyong Song, and Kyungmook Lee. â€Å"The Paradox of Samsung’s Rise.† Harvard Business Review (July- August 2011): 142-147. Web. This essay on Marketing Strategy and Organizational Effectiveness in Samsung was written and submitted by user Yoda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.